Medicare Enrollment Periods
Medicare has set times of year when you can sign up or make changes. Knowing which period applies to you helps you avoid gaps in coverage and late enrollment penalties.
Initial Enrollment Period
When you first become eligible for Medicare, you have a 7-month window to sign up for Part A and Part B. It begins 3 months before the month you turn 65, includes your birthday month, and ends 3 months after it. During this time you can also join a Medicare Advantage plan or a Part D plan.
General Enrollment Period
If you did not sign up for Part A or Part B when you were first eligible, you can sign up between January 1 and March 31 each year. Coverage starts the month after you sign up. A late enrollment penalty may apply.
Annual Enrollment Period
From October 15 to December 7 each year, anyone with Medicare can join, switch, or drop a Medicare Advantage plan or a Part D plan. Changes take effect on January 1 of the following year.
Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment Period
From January 1 to March 31 each year, people who are already enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan can switch to a different Medicare Advantage plan, or return to Original Medicare and join a Part D plan. You can make one change during this period.
Special Enrollment Periods
Certain life events allow you to make changes outside the usual periods. Examples include moving to an address outside your plan's service area, losing employer or union coverage, or qualifying for Medicaid or Extra Help. Each Special Enrollment Period has its own rules and time limits.
Not sure which period applies to you?
The rules are set by Medicare, and the details can depend on your situation. You can contact Medicare directly at 1-800-MEDICARE (1-800-633-4227) or visit Medicare.gov. A licensed insurance agent can also help you understand your options and the plans available in your area.